Knowledge Bank
Companies Act, 2013
Browse 244 published section guides in chapter order. Search by section number or topic to find the provision you need.
Official source checked as of 11 October 2026. Read the official Act.
Chapter I - Preliminary
Chapter II - Incorporation of Company and Matters Incidental Thereto
Chapter III - Prospectus and Allotment of Securities
- Section 23Public offer and private placement
- Section 27Variation in terms of contract or objects in prospectus
- Section 29Public offer of securities to be in dematerialised form
- Section 38Punishment for personation for acquisition, etc., of securities
- Section 39Allotment of securities by company
- Section 40Securities to be dealt with in stock exchanges
- Section 41Global depository receipt
- Section 42Issue of shares on private placement basis
Chapter IV - Share Capital and Debentures
- Section 43Kinds of share capital
- Section 44Nature of shares or debentures
- Section 45Numbering of shares
- Section 46Certificate of shares
- Section 47Voting rights
- Section 48Variation of shareholders’ rights
- Section 49Calls on shares of same class to be made on uniform basis
- Section 50Company to accept unpaid share capital, although not called up
- Section 51Payment of dividend in proportion to amount paid-up
- Section 52Application of premiums received on issue of shares
- Section 53Prohibition on issue of shares at discount
- Section 54Issue of sweat equity shares
- Section 55Issue and redemption of preference shares
- Section 56Transfer and transmission of securities
- Section 57Punishment for personation of shareholder
- Section 58Refusal of registration and appeal against refusal
- Section 59Rectification of register of members
- Section 60Publication of authorised, subscribed and paid-up capital
- Section 61Power of limited company to alter its share capital
- Section 62Further issue of share capital
- Section 63Issue of bonus shares
- Section 64Notice to be given to Registrar for alteration of share capital
- Section 65Unlimited company to provide for reserve share capital on conversion into limited company
- Section 66Reduction of share capital
- Section 67Restrictions on purchase by company or giving of loans by it for purchase of its shares
- Section 68Power of company to purchase its own securities
- Section 69Transfer of certain sums to capital redemption reserve account
- Section 70Prohibition for buy-back in certain circumstances
- Section 71Debentures
- Section 72Power to nominate
Chapter V - Acceptance of Deposits by Companies
Chapter VI - Registration of Charges
- Section 77Duty to register charges, etc.
- Section 78Application for registration of charge
- Section 79Section 77 to apply in certain matters
- Section 80Date of notice of charge
- Section 81Register of charges to be kept by Registrar
- Section 82Company to report satisfaction of charge
- Section 83Power of Registrar to make entries of satisfaction and release in absence of intimation from company
- Section 84Intimation of appointment of receiver or manager
- Section 85Company’s register of charges
- Section 86Punishment for contravention
- Section 87Rectification by Central Government in Register of charges
Chapter VII - Management and Administration
- Section 88Register of members, etc.
- Section 89Declaration in respect of beneficial interest in any share
- Section 90Register of significant beneficial owners in a company
- Section 91Power to close register of members or debenture-holders or other security holders
- Section 92Annual return
- Section 94Place of keeping and inspection of registers, returns, etc.
- Section 95Registers, etc., to be evidence
- Section 96Annual general meeting
- Section 97Power of Tribunal to call annual general meeting
- Section 98Power of Tribunal to call meetings of members, etc.
- Section 99Punishment for default in complying with provisions of sections 96 to 98
- Section 100Calling of extraordinary general meeting
- Section 101Notice of meeting
- Section 102Statement to be annexed to notice
- Section 103Quorum for meetings
- Section 104Chairman of meetings
- Section 105Proxies
- Section 106Restriction on voting rights
- Section 107Voting by show of hands
- Section 108Voting through electronic means
- Section 109Demand for poll
- Section 110Postal ballot
- Section 111Circulation of members’ resolution
- Section 112Representation of President and Governors in meetings
- Section 113Representation of corporations at meeting of companies and of creditors
- Section 114Ordinary and special resolutions
- Section 115Resolutions requiring special notice
- Section 116Resolutions passed at adjourned meeting
- Section 117Resolutions and agreements to be filed
- Section 118Minutes of proceedings of general meeting, meeting of Board of Directors and other meeting and resolutions passed by postal ballot
- Section 119Inspection of minute-books of general meeting
- Section 120Maintenance and inspection of documents in electronic form
- Section 121Report on annual general meeting
- Section 122Applicability of this Chapter to One Person Company
Chapter VIII - Declaration and Payment of Dividend
- Section 123Declaration of dividend
- Section 124Unpaid Dividend Account
- Section 125Investor Education and Protection Fund
- Section 126Right to dividend, rights shares and bonus shares to be held in abeyance pending registration of transfer of shares
- Section 127Punishment for failure to distribute dividends
Chapter IX - Accounts of Companies
- Section 128Books of account, etc., to be kept by company
- Section 129Financial statement
- Section 130Re-opening of accounts on court’s or Tribunal’s orders
- Section 131Voluntary revision of financial statements or Board’s report
- Section 132Constitution of National Financial Reporting Authority
- Section 133Central Government to prescribe accounting standards
- Section 134Financial statement, Board’s report, etc.
- Section 135Corporate Social Responsibility
- Section 136Right of member to copies of audited financial statement
- Section 137Copy of financial statement to be filed with Registrar
- Section 138Internal audit
Chapter X - Audit and Auditors
- Section 139Appointment of auditors
- Section 140Removal, resignation of auditor and giving of special notice
- Section 141Eligibility, qualifications and disqualifications of auditors
- Section 142Remuneration of auditors
- Section 143Powers and duties of auditors and auditing standards
- Section 144Auditor not to render certain services
- Section 145Auditor to sign audit reports, etc.
- Section 146Auditors to attend general meeting
- Section 147Punishment for contravention
- Section 148Central Government to specify audit of items of cost in respect of certain companies
Chapter XI - Appointment and Qualifications of Directors
- Section 149Company to have Board of Directors
- Section 150Manner of selection of independent directors and maintenance of databank of independent directors
- Section 151Appointment of director elected by small shareholders
- Section 152Appointment of directors
- Section 153Application for allotment of Director Identification Number
- Section 154Allotment of Director Identification Number
- Section 155Prohibition to obtain more than one Director Identification Number
- Section 156Director to intimate Director Identification Number
- Section 157Company to inform Director Identification Number to Registrar
- Section 158Obligation to indicate Director Identification Number
- Section 159Penalty for default of certain provisions
- Section 160Right of persons other than retiring directors to stand for directorship
- Section 161Appointment of additional director, alternate director and nominee director
- Section 162Appointment of directors to be voted individually
- Section 163Option to adopt principle of proportional representation for appointment of directors
- Section 164Disqualifications for appointment of director
- Section 165Number of directorships
- Section 166Duties of directors
- Section 167Vacation of office of director
- Section 168Resignation of director
- Section 169Removal of directors
- Section 170Register of directors and key managerial personnel and their shareholding
- Section 171Members’ right to inspect
- Section 172Penalty
Chapter XII - Meetings of Board and Its Powers
- Section 173Meetings of Board
- Section 174Quorum for meetings of Board
- Section 175Passing of resolution by circulation
- Section 177Audit Committee
- Section 178Nomination and Remuneration Committee and Stakeholders Relationship Committee
- Section 179Powers of Board
- Section 180Restrictions on powers of Board
- Section 181Company to contribute to bona fide and charitable funds, etc.
- Section 182Prohibitions and restrictions regarding political contributions
- Section 183Power of Board and other persons to make contributions to national defence fund, etc.
- Section 184Disclosure of interest by director
- Section 185Loans to directors, etc.
- Section 186Loan and investment by company
- Section 187Investments of company to be held in its own name
- Section 188Related party transactions
- Section 189Register of contracts or arrangements in which directors are interested
- Section 190Contract of employment with managing or whole-time director
- Section 191Payment to director for loss of office, etc., in connection with transfer of undertaking, property or shares
- Section 192Restriction on non-cash transactions involving directors
- Section 193Contract by One Person Company
Chapter XIII - Appointment and Remuneration of Managerial Personnel
- Section 196Appointment of managing director, whole-time director or manager
- Section 197Overall maximum managerial remuneration and managerial remuneration in case of absence or inadequacy of profits
- Section 198Calculation of profits
- Section 199Recovery of remuneration in certain cases
- Section 200Central Government or company to fix limit with regard to remuneration
- Section 201Forms of, and procedure in relation to, certain applications
- Section 202Compensation for loss of office of managing or whole-time director or manager
- Section 203Appointment of key managerial personnel
- Section 204Secretarial audit for bigger companies
- Section 205Functions of company secretary
Chapter XIV - Inspection, Inquiry and Investigation
- Section 206Power to call for information, inspect books and conduct inquiries
- Section 207Conduct of inspection and inquiry
- Section 208Report on inspection made
- Section 209Search and seizure
- Section 210Investigation into affairs of company
- Section 211Establishment of Serious Fraud Investigation Office
- Section 212Investigation into affairs of Company by Serious Fraud Investigation Office
- Section 213Investigation into company’s affairs in other cases
- Section 214Security for payment of costs and expenses of investigation
- Section 215Firm, body corporate or association not to be appointed as inspector
- Section 216Investigation of ownership of company
- Section 217Procedure, powers, etc., of inspectors
- Section 218Protection of employees during investigation
- Section 219Power of inspector to conduct investigation into affairs of related companies, etc.
- Section 220Seizure of documents by inspector
- Section 221Freezing of assets of company on inquiry and investigation
- Section 222Imposition of restrictions upon securities
- Section 223Inspector’s report
- Section 224Actions to be taken in pursuance of inspector’s report
- Section 225Expenses of investigation
- Section 226Voluntary winding up of company, etc., not to stop investigation proceedings
- Section 228Investigation, etc., of foreign companies
- Section 229Penalty for furnishing false statement, mutilation, destruction of documents
Chapter XV - Compromises, Arrangements and Amalgamations
- Section 230Power to compromise or make arrangements with creditors and members
- Section 231Power of Tribunal to enforce compromise or arrangement
- Section 232Merger and amalgamation of companies
- Section 233Merger or amalgamation of certain companies
- Section 235Power to acquire shares of shareholders dissenting from scheme or contract approved by majority
- Section 236Purchase of minority shareholding
- Section 237Power of Central Government to provide for amalgamation of companies in public interest
- Section 238Registration of offer of schemes involving transfer of shares
- Section 239Preservation of books and papers of amalgamated companies
- Section 240Liability of officers in respect of offences committed prior to merger, amalgamation, etc.
Chapter XVI - Prevention of Oppression and Mismanagement
Chapter XVIII - Removal of Names of Companies from the Register of Companies
Chapter XX - Winding Up
Chapter XXVII - National Company Law Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal
Chapter XXVIII - Special Courts
Chapter XXIX - Miscellaneous
- Section 447Punishment for fraud
- Section 448Punishment for false statement
- Section 449Punishment for false evidence
- Section 450Punishment where no specific penalty or punishment is provided
- Section 451Punishment in case of repeated default
- Section 452Punishment for wrongful withholding of property
- Section 453Punishment for improper use of “Limited” or “Private Limited”
- Section 454Adjudication of penalties
- Section 454APenalty for repeated default
- Section 455Dormant company
- Section 456Protection of action taken in good faith
- Section 457Non-disclosure of information in certain cases
- Section 459Powers of Central Government or Tribunal to accord approval, etc., subject to conditions and to prescribe fees on applications
- Section 460Condonation of delay in certain cases
- Section 463Power of court to grant relief in certain cases
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