Chapter II - Of Notes, Bills and Cheques
Section 18
Section 18: where amount is stated differently in figures and words
Section 18 resolves a conflict between the amount written in figures and the amount written in words in an instrument.
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Need advice on Section 18?
This article is for general information. Refer to the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 official text for the official provisions. If you need professional advice for your situation, contact Bizeneed.
Statutory text
Bare law
If the amount undertaken or ordered to be paid is stated differently in figures and in words, the amount stated in words shall be the amount undertaken or ordered to be paid.
Applicability and limits
If the amount in a negotiable instrument differs between figures and words, the amount stated in words is the amount undertaken or ordered to be paid.
This conflict rule does not cure every other defect or suspected alteration; preserve the original document for examination.
Hypothetical example
Hypothetical: a note shows “₹10,000” in figures but “ten thousand five hundred rupees” in words. Section 18 points to the words for the payable amount.
Evidence and decision flow
Compare figures and words on the original instrument.
Record any difference or apparent alteration.
Apply the words rule while checking other validity issues separately.
Practical checklist
Do
- Compare the amount in words and figures on the executed instrument.
- If they differ, apply the statutory rule while preserving the original for review.
- Correct the document before issue where possible rather than relying on litigation over the mismatch.
Avoid
- Do not rely on the label of an instrument alone; read its wording and the related Act provisions.
Glossary
- Figures
- The numerical statement of the amount.
- Words
- The written-out statement of the amount that governs under Section 18 when inconsistent.
Frequently asked questions
Which amount controls if figures and words disagree?
Section 18 gives priority to the amount in words.
Should an altered amount be ignored?
No. An apparent alteration raises a separate question that Section 18 alone does not resolve.
Need help applying this provision to your situation?
Contact BizeneedLast updated 10 October 2026