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Knowledge Bank / Income-tax Act, 2025 / Chapter XXIII - Miscellaneous

Section 524

Section 524: presumption as to assets, books of account, etc.

Section 524 lists a set of presumptions that may apply when books of account, documents, money, bullion, jewellery, virtual digital assets or electronic information are found in a person's possession or control during an income-tax search or survey - these presumptions can be used in any proceeding under the Act.

This explanation is AI-assisted and pending review by our CA/CS team. It is general information, not professional advice - always cross-check against the bare law text above or talk to our tax team for guidance specific to your situation.

What may be presumed when items are found during a search or survey

Where books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery, a virtual digital asset or other valuable article or thing, or information in electronic form or on a computer system, is found in the possession or control of a person during a search under section 247 or a survey under section 253, it may, in any proceeding under this Act, be presumed:

  • That such books of account, documents, money, bullion, jewellery, virtual digital asset, other valuable article or thing, information or computer system belong or belongs to that person
  • That the contents of such books of account and documents, or such information or computer system, are true
  • That the signature and every other part of such books of account and documents which purports to be in the handwriting of a particular person, or which may reasonably be assumed to be signed by, or to be in the handwriting of, a particular person, is in that person's handwriting
  • For a stamped, executed or attested document, that it was duly stamped and executed or attested by the person by whom it purports to have been so executed or attested
  • That an exchange of such information in electronic form, or on such computer system, purported to be exchanged between parties, was in fact exchanged between those parties

Extension to requisitioned material

Where books of account, other documents or assets have been delivered to the requisitioning officer under section 248, the same presumptions apply as if those items had been found in the possession or control of the person referred to in section 248(1)(a), (b) or (c) during a search under section 247.

Frequently asked questions

What kinds of items does Section 524 cover?

Books of account, other documents, money, bullion, jewellery, a virtual digital asset or other valuable article or thing, and information in electronic form or on a computer system, found during a search under section 247 or a survey under section 253.

Does Section 524 apply to requisitioned material, not just searched material?

Yes - Section 524(2) extends the same presumptions to books of account, documents or assets delivered to a requisitioning officer under section 248.

Are the presumptions in Section 524 automatic in every proceeding?

The section says these things 'may be presumed' in any proceeding under the Act where the relevant items were found during a search or survey - it does not itself describe any procedure for rebutting the presumption.

Want this applied to your actual filing, not just explained?

Talk to our tax team about this section

Last updated 9 September 2026

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